Hall of Fame: Take Back the Night: Women on Pornography

“How can we stop rape and woman-battering by staffing rape-crisis centers and refuges when there are thousands of movie houses, millions of publications, a multibillion-dollar business that promote the idea that violence and the rape of women is sexually exciting to men, and that we like it too?”

- Diana E.H. Russell, giving the concluding speech at the Feminist Perspectives on Pornography conference in 1978, published in “Take Back the Night: Women on Pornography”

Take Back the Night: Women on Pornography is a compilation of essays and interviews edited by Laura Lederer and released in 1980. 28 years later, it’s as valuable and relevant a read as the day it was released. When I first read it in the late 80’s, I was amazed at how many strong pieces were in the book. The essays were as readable as they were revolutionary, thorough and researched without being boringly academic. Two pieces in particular, “Playboy isn’t Playing: An Interview with Judith Bat-Ada” and Helen E. Longino’s “Pornography, Oppression and Freedom”, have stuck with me to this day and are central to my understanding of pornography’s place within American rapist culture.

Anyone looking to understand why pornography is so bad for women (and everyone else too) should read this book a.s.a.p. It addresses all of the popular questions and criticisms leveled at the feminist anti-porn movement, so if you have any questions, suspicions or doubts, get them addressed here! These would include the caricature of feminists as “anti-sex” or “repressed” or “puritanical” in their condemnation of porn. As the various writers make clear, the complaint is not against sexuality but of the eroticizing of male power and female degradation, of the reduction of women to sexual objects, and of the sexualization of violence and children.

The book’s title? Many people have heard of Take Back the Night marches and vigils, and the book notes how that slogan was first used in the U.S. for a protest march down San Francisco’s pornography strip.

From Lederer’s introduction to the book:

“The title of this book, Take Back the Night, refects this growing realization of the links among crimes against women. The pollution of our media with sexist articles, programming and advertisements, and the increasing amounts of pornography readily available, are hardly questioned. Rapes, muggings and sexual harassment of women at all times, but especially at night, are the norm. That we have been unable to walk the streets after dark without a male to protect us from all the rest of the men has been assumed in this society for so long that people can hardly imagine a culture in which this would not be the case.” (Lederer, 19)

Next up: some quotes from the book to hold you over until the copy you’re about to order arrives!

In the Beginning There Was the Word, Pt. I

Dale Spender’s Man Made LanguageI was in college in the late ’80’s, before the internets, and one night a friend did the equivalent of surfing a dictionary, just opening up to random pages looking for weird or funny entries. She cringed when she came upon “creeping vine,” which had one definition of “a woman.”

“Ball and chain” anyone? Talk about the institutionalization of gender stereotypes and sexism – it’s in the dictionary for christsake. The place where things are defined.

Now 20 years later, it turns out that the times haven’t changed much. In 2006, Vanessa from Feministing wrote a post, “Synonyms are a girl’s worst enemy.” She looked up synonyms for “girl” on Thesaurus.com and was dismayed by what she found. I just did the same search a minute ago and the list is identical or near-identical to 2006.

Main Entry: girl
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: female
Synonyms: babe, baby doll, bird, blonde, bobby-soxer, boytoy, broad, butterfly, canary, chick, coed, cupcake, cutie, dame, damsel, daughter, deb, debutante, doll, female, filly, gal, jail bait, lady, lassie, mademoiselle, maid, maiden, minx, miss, missy, mouse, nymph, nymphet, piece, queen, schoolgirl, she, sis, skirt, spring chicken, teenybopper, tomato, tomboy, virgin, wench, witch, woman

Even worse, looking down the rest of the page shows you what you’d find if you were a young girl trying to find out what being a “girl” means to this society. Here are the second through fourth results:

Main Entry: girl Friday
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: lady assistant
Synonyms: assistant, gal Friday, hired hand, right-hand girl
Antonyms: man Friday
Source: Roget’s New Millennium™ Thesaurus, First Edition (v 1.3.1) Copyright © 2008

Main Entry: bachelor girl
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: unmarried woman
Synonyms: old maid, single girl, single woman, unattached female
Source: Roget’s New Millennium™ Thesaurus, First Edition (v 1.3.1) Copyright © 2008

Main Entry: call girl
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: female prostitute
Synonyms: B-girl, harlot, hooker, hustler, lady of the evening, prostitute, scarlet woman, streetwalker, whore, working girl
Source: Roget’s New Millennium™ Thesaurus, First Edition (v 1.3.1) Copyright © 2008

For visitors who want to read up on the relationship of language and sexism, I’d like to recommend the following book, one of the first feminist books I ever read: Dale Spender’s Man Made Language.

From the inside cover: “For women, language is man-made, for it encompasses the meanings of men, who have arrived at their definitions of the world from a position of dominance, a position which women as a group do not occupy; for women, these meanings are partial, and false. In this book Dale Spender presents an exciting, wide-ranging feminist study of language, its rules and uses. Readable, positive and entertaining, she argues that, since language is fundamental to human-ness, it is through the patriarchal language that much of women’s subordination is structured.”

Sexist Humor Pt. II

Pitney Bows ad - 1953“Sexist humor is not simply benign amusement. It [allows men] to feel comfortable with behavioral expressions of sexism without the fear of disapproval of their peers.”

- Western Carolina University psychology professor Thomas E. Ford, summarizing his recent research findings.

I’m watching Saturday Night Live right now, back from the writer’s strike, hosted by Tina Fey, who I’m a huge fan of. In her opening monologue, Steve Martin comes out and, in the role of coach helping her host for the first time, slaps her in the face multiple times. Funny??? Hellz to the no!!!

A few seasons ago, when Tina was still on the show, she and Jimmy Falon had a running gag in the news segment where he would punch her in the face. I always used to cringe at that bit and wondered how someone so smart and with it could not get the “this isn’t funny” factor. And I’m not a prude, I watch raunchy comedians all the time and laugh at stuff that’s insensitive or stereotypical but funny – material by Dave Chapelle, Paul Mooney, Lisa Lampanelli, and others. But rape and violence against women just isn’t funny, and the desensitization that goes on when people are exposed to sexist humor (see my last post) is especially dangerous when that “comedy” involves violence against women.

Come on Tina, get it together! Thank you.

Sexist Humor: Seriously, No Joke

I recently started using StumbleUpon (www.stumbleupon.com), a community based web recommendation engine, and it’s completely genius – I love it. After downloading a toolbar to your browser, you can click the “Stumble” button which takes you to a random web page based on your interests. You can then give that page a “thumbs up” or “thumbs down” to vote, and highly rated pages get moved up in the rotation, ensuring good stuff gets sent your way.

One of the interests I indicated was “humor.” In just a week or two I’ve already come upon some horribly sexist crap, which isn’t the world’s hugest surprise, but it is sad.

Sexist comic 2Sexist comic 1

In a study done by the LiveScience.com staff, they found that after exposure to sexist humor, participants were less likely to donate to women’s organizations, and more likely to approve of funding cuts for women’s groups. This was the case even more so than when they were exposed to sexist statements.

“We believe this shows that humorous disparagement creates the perception of a shared standard of tolerance of discrimination that may guide behavior when people believe others feel the same way.”

Like porn, in the age of the internet there’s nothing you can do to make this material go away, so you have to develop educational / activist strategies to get counter messaging out there.

Read the full article here.

AP: Mexico to focus on crimes against women

There’s been so much sad news coming out of Mexico in terms of violence against women over the past decade, it’s refreshing to hear anything positive! Check out the article by AP writer E. Eduardo Castillo here.

MEXICO CITYMexico has created a new federal position to prosecute violence against women and human exploitation, as rights groups urge the government to do more to investigate the killings of women, especially along the U.S. border.”

Ten Things Men Can Do to End Sexism and Male Violence Against Women

I recently found a hard copy of this list which I had printed on 12.18.96. The original page is down but it’s been reprinted here. It was created by HASM, Harvard Anti-Sexist Men, an organization “founded in 1991 to encourage men to tame responsibility for sexism and male violence against women, and to challenge traditional concepts of masculinity.”

1. Read about yourself. Read articles, essays, books about masculinity, gender inequality, and the root causes of sexual violence. Educate yourself and others about the connections between larger social forces and the conflicts between individual women and men. Resources: R. W. Connell, Gender and Power; D. Gilmore, Manhood in The Making; M. Messner, D. Sabo, eds., Sport, Men and the Gender Order; J. Stoltenberg, Refusing to Be a Man.

2. Understand how your own attitudes and actions perpetuate sexism and violence, and work toward changing them. Examples of typical sexist/abusive behavior:

  • Pressuring a woman to have sex (includes Rape, Date Rape).
  • Taunting or whistling at women, following women around, embarrassing women in public (Sexual Harassment).
  • Controlling women by using threatening gestures, by outshouting women, blocking doorways, driving recklessly (Intimidation).
  • Verbally assaulting women by name calling, swearing, mocking, ridiculing, criticizing, accusing, trivializing (Psychological Abuse).

3. Confront sexist, racist, homophobic and all other bigoted remarks or jokes. Boycott comedians such as Andrew Dice Clay who verbally assault women in their acts. Boo in comedy clubs when male comedians tell sexist jokes.

4. Recognize homophobia and speak out against gay-bashing. Discrimination against lesbians and gays is a key way in which we’re all confined in restrictive gender roles. See: Homophobia: How We All Pay the Price, by W. Blumenfeld; Homophobia: A Weapon of Sexism, by S. Pharr.

5. Don’t fund sexism. Don’t purchase any magazine, rent any video or buy any piece of music that portrays women in a sexually degrading or violent manner. Protest sexism in the media.

6. Support candidates for political office who are committed to the full social, economic and political equality of women. Actively oppose candidates who are not.

7. Support and fight for increased state and federal funding for battered women’s shelters and rape crisis centers. Volunteer where men are needed in public schools, youth outreach centers and political lobby groups.

8. Support or propose curriculum changes, at every level of the educational system, which mandate courses and programs dealing with sexism and sexual violence. Urge coaches of boys’ and men’s athletic teams to require their players to attend workshops and seminars on sexism and male violence against women.

9. Organize or join a group of men, in school, at your workplace or among friends, to work against sexism and violence.

10. Support feminists. Commit yourself to ending oppression in all its forms.