Hall of Fame: Take Back the Night: Women on Pornography

“How can we stop rape and woman-battering by staffing rape-crisis centers and refuges when there are thousands of movie houses, millions of publications, a multibillion-dollar business that promote the idea that violence and the rape of women is sexually exciting to men, and that we like it too?”

- Diana E.H. Russell, giving the concluding speech at the Feminist Perspectives on Pornography conference in 1978, published in “Take Back the Night: Women on Pornography”

Take Back the Night: Women on Pornography is a compilation of essays and interviews edited by Laura Lederer and released in 1980. 28 years later, it’s as valuable and relevant a read as the day it was released. When I first read it in the late 80’s, I was amazed at how many strong pieces were in the book. The essays were as readable as they were revolutionary, thorough and researched without being boringly academic. Two pieces in particular, “Playboy isn’t Playing: An Interview with Judith Bat-Ada” and Helen E. Longino’s “Pornography, Oppression and Freedom”, have stuck with me to this day and are central to my understanding of pornography’s place within American rapist culture.

Anyone looking to understand why pornography is so bad for women (and everyone else too) should read this book a.s.a.p. It addresses all of the popular questions and criticisms leveled at the feminist anti-porn movement, so if you have any questions, suspicions or doubts, get them addressed here! These would include the caricature of feminists as “anti-sex” or “repressed” or “puritanical” in their condemnation of porn. As the various writers make clear, the complaint is not against sexuality but of the eroticizing of male power and female degradation, of the reduction of women to sexual objects, and of the sexualization of violence and children.

The book’s title? Many people have heard of Take Back the Night marches and vigils, and the book notes how that slogan was first used in the U.S. for a protest march down San Francisco’s pornography strip.

From Lederer’s introduction to the book:

“The title of this book, Take Back the Night, refects this growing realization of the links among crimes against women. The pollution of our media with sexist articles, programming and advertisements, and the increasing amounts of pornography readily available, are hardly questioned. Rapes, muggings and sexual harassment of women at all times, but especially at night, are the norm. That we have been unable to walk the streets after dark without a male to protect us from all the rest of the men has been assumed in this society for so long that people can hardly imagine a culture in which this would not be the case.” (Lederer, 19)

Next up: some quotes from the book to hold you over until the copy you’re about to order arrives!

The Depiction of Whores, pt. II

See our earlier post, “The Depiction of Whores, pt. I

For our second post on the topic of pornography, I’d like to get into the real problem here, why porn is such a “big deal.”

First Amendment vs. Women's RightsTo start, I’d like to note that we’re talking about porn in 2008, not nudie pics stashed in a closet, but freely available hardcore internet porn, available to kids and adults 24/7, including tons of porn involving the degradation of women and girls and the sexualization of children.

1. We’re raising a new generation of rapists.

This quote comes from the book Talking Back to Sexual Pressure: What to Say to Resist Persuasion, to Avoid Disease, to Stop Harassment, to Avoid Aquaintance Rape by Elizabeth Powell. It is seriously one of the most useful books you’ll ever come across. It’s easy to read, it’s comprehensive, and it’s goal is to give readers ideas, suggestions and strategies to take a stand against sexist and rape culture. I would recommend it for every parent and every educator. Five stars out of five.

“A young adolescent male is anxious to learn how to treat a woman. He is more likely to see an attempted rape in our media than see a woman engage in consenting sex. He is more likely to see her mutilated than to see her involved in mutual, erotic passion. At one time, older adolescents indoctrinated younger males to the world of sex in the ‘bull session’; now the pornography and sexual violence that young teenagers consume is their ‘primary sexual indoctrination.’
- Elizabeth Powell, Talking Back to Sexual Pressure

2. We’re changing how men see women and how they treat them.

One of the most popular defenses of pornography, especially violent pornography, is that because these are just images, just fantasies, a person with a need to encounter violent material can fulfill their “needs” through pornography rather than acting them out in person.

There are a number of issues with this belief, including some significant issues that it misses. One of these is the relationship between the man viewing pornography in one minute and then walking out and interacting with women in the “real world” in the next.

In Susanne Kappeler’s The Pornography of Representation, she talks about the men leaving the porn theater and how the viewing has influenced how they see women, and how that is enough to affect action. She makes the connection showing how you see people affects how you treat them, and pornography affects how men see women.

“What the men are doing in the world is continuing to see – to see women as objects of their pleasure and their feeling of life. It is quite enough ‘behaviour’ in my opinion. What the man is doing is watching pornography, seeing, fantasizing, and he is doing this already in the world. And he continues to view in the real, without any difference: in fact, he sees nothing at all except what he represents to himself. Under his aesthetic gaze any woman, known or unknown, turns into the ’stranger’, that object of no interest except for its capacity to stimulate the subject’s feeling of life.

The fundamental problem at the root of men’s behavior in the world, including sexual assault, rape, wife battering, sexual harassment, keeping women in the home and in unequal opportunities and conditions, treating them as objects for conquest and protection – the root problem behind the reality of men’s relations with women, is the way men see women, is Seeing.”
- Kappeler, The Pornography of Representation, pgs. 60/1

3. It’s going to get worse.

This February I saw some posts covering an article on xBiz (a porn industry news site ) regarding a conference entitled “Pornography: Fantasy, Reality and Industry,” which was held at Notre Dame’s Center for Continuing Education, Indiana.

The conference opener, University of Texas journalism professor Robert Jensen, noted that “When one looks honestly at the contemporary porn industry, one sees some disturbing images of where this world is heading.”

From the xBiz piece:

“Jensen cited adult producer’s growing fulfillment of the broad range of marketplace demands as one basis for his opinion; discussing how adult companies need to continually produce “new and interesting products” that have evolved from straight, vaginal sex in the 1960’s and ’70’s, to anal sex in the ’80’s and even more extreme material today.

“I asked one [pornography producer] about the rise of anal sex in the 80s,” Jensen said. “The producer replied that the majority of women do not seek out anal sex, so when men get angry at their wives, they secretly think to themselves that they would like to do that. Since they can’t, they like to watch it.”

Jensen described anal sex as “the sexualizing of male domination and female subordination. [It's] a disturbing mirror for the culture in which we live.”

Focusing on the market demand for depictions of sexual practices that some women may find objectionable along with the desire for profits are leading adult companies down the road to violence and pedophilia, Jensen claimed.

“Where is the industry going, and what could possibly come after this?” Jensen said. “I have asked this to several pornographers. Some will say, ‘I hate to say it, but the only place left to go is overt violence.’ The other place to go is to continue to sexualize youth.”

Sexist Humor Pt. II

Pitney Bows ad - 1953“Sexist humor is not simply benign amusement. It [allows men] to feel comfortable with behavioral expressions of sexism without the fear of disapproval of their peers.”

- Western Carolina University psychology professor Thomas E. Ford, summarizing his recent research findings.

I’m watching Saturday Night Live right now, back from the writer’s strike, hosted by Tina Fey, who I’m a huge fan of. In her opening monologue, Steve Martin comes out and, in the role of coach helping her host for the first time, slaps her in the face multiple times. Funny??? Hellz to the no!!!

A few seasons ago, when Tina was still on the show, she and Jimmy Falon had a running gag in the news segment where he would punch her in the face. I always used to cringe at that bit and wondered how someone so smart and with it could not get the “this isn’t funny” factor. And I’m not a prude, I watch raunchy comedians all the time and laugh at stuff that’s insensitive or stereotypical but funny – material by Dave Chapelle, Paul Mooney, Lisa Lampanelli, and others. But rape and violence against women just isn’t funny, and the desensitization that goes on when people are exposed to sexist humor (see my last post) is especially dangerous when that “comedy” involves violence against women.

Come on Tina, get it together! Thank you.

Sexist Humor: Seriously, No Joke

I recently started using StumbleUpon (www.stumbleupon.com), a community based web recommendation engine, and it’s completely genius – I love it. After downloading a toolbar to your browser, you can click the “Stumble” button which takes you to a random web page based on your interests. You can then give that page a “thumbs up” or “thumbs down” to vote, and highly rated pages get moved up in the rotation, ensuring good stuff gets sent your way.

One of the interests I indicated was “humor.” In just a week or two I’ve already come upon some horribly sexist crap, which isn’t the world’s hugest surprise, but it is sad.

Sexist comic 2Sexist comic 1

In a study done by the LiveScience.com staff, they found that after exposure to sexist humor, participants were less likely to donate to women’s organizations, and more likely to approve of funding cuts for women’s groups. This was the case even more so than when they were exposed to sexist statements.

“We believe this shows that humorous disparagement creates the perception of a shared standard of tolerance of discrimination that may guide behavior when people believe others feel the same way.”

Like porn, in the age of the internet there’s nothing you can do to make this material go away, so you have to develop educational / activist strategies to get counter messaging out there.

Read the full article here.

“My Strength Is Not For Hurting” campaign enlists young men to take action to stop rape

My Strength campaign postcardMy Strength is a project of the California Department of Health Services and the California Coalition Against Sexual Assault (CALCASA), a statewide coalition of rape crisis centers and prevention programs founded in 1980.

From the MyStrength.org mission statement:
“Our vision is a world free from sexual violence. To help make this vision a reality, we’re initiating ‘The MyStrength Campaign’ to enlist to young men to take action to stop rape. “

Find out more about the group at the MyStrength.org web site or their My Space page. They have downloads of rape education flyers and postcards and other stuff worth checking out.

AP: Mexico to focus on crimes against women

There’s been so much sad news coming out of Mexico in terms of violence against women over the past decade, it’s refreshing to hear anything positive! Check out the article by AP writer E. Eduardo Castillo here.

MEXICO CITYMexico has created a new federal position to prosecute violence against women and human exploitation, as rights groups urge the government to do more to investigate the killings of women, especially along the U.S. border.”

10 Things Men Can Do To End Men’s Violence Against Women

Stop Gender ViolenceHere’s another list, this one from the organization “A Call to Men”. You can find out about this group here.

From their site: “Our mission is to galvanize a national movement of men committed to ending violence against women. We would welcome your assistance in helping to find resources and ways to visit your community.”

1. Acknowledge and understand how sexism, male dominance and male privilege lay the foundation for all forms of violence against women.

2. Examine and challenge our individual sexism and the role that we play in supporting men who are abusive.

3. Recognize and stop colluding with other men by getting out of our socially defined roles, and take a stance to end violence against women.

4. Remember that our silence is affirming. When we choose not to speak out against men’s violence, we are supporting it.

5. Educate and re-educate our sons and other young men about our responsibility in ending men’s violence against women.

6.“Break out of the man box”- Challenge traditional images of manhood that stop us from actively taking a stand to end violence against women.

7. Accept and own our responsibility that violence against women will not end until men become part of the solution to end it. We must take an active role in creating a cultural and social shift that no longer tolerates violence against women.

8. Stop supporting the notion that men’s violence against women is due to mental illness, lack of anger management skills, chemical dependency, stress, etc… Violence against women is rooted in the historic oppression of women and the outgrowth of the socialization of men.

9. Take responsibility for creating appropriate and effective ways to develop systems to educate and hold men accountable.

10. Create systems of accountability to women in your community. Violence against women will end only when we take direction from those who understand it most, women.

Copyright © 2004, ACT Men Inc. All rights reserved.

Ten Things Men Can Do to End Sexism and Male Violence Against Women

I recently found a hard copy of this list which I had printed on 12.18.96. The original page is down but it’s been reprinted here. It was created by HASM, Harvard Anti-Sexist Men, an organization “founded in 1991 to encourage men to tame responsibility for sexism and male violence against women, and to challenge traditional concepts of masculinity.”

1. Read about yourself. Read articles, essays, books about masculinity, gender inequality, and the root causes of sexual violence. Educate yourself and others about the connections between larger social forces and the conflicts between individual women and men. Resources: R. W. Connell, Gender and Power; D. Gilmore, Manhood in The Making; M. Messner, D. Sabo, eds., Sport, Men and the Gender Order; J. Stoltenberg, Refusing to Be a Man.

2. Understand how your own attitudes and actions perpetuate sexism and violence, and work toward changing them. Examples of typical sexist/abusive behavior:

  • Pressuring a woman to have sex (includes Rape, Date Rape).
  • Taunting or whistling at women, following women around, embarrassing women in public (Sexual Harassment).
  • Controlling women by using threatening gestures, by outshouting women, blocking doorways, driving recklessly (Intimidation).
  • Verbally assaulting women by name calling, swearing, mocking, ridiculing, criticizing, accusing, trivializing (Psychological Abuse).

3. Confront sexist, racist, homophobic and all other bigoted remarks or jokes. Boycott comedians such as Andrew Dice Clay who verbally assault women in their acts. Boo in comedy clubs when male comedians tell sexist jokes.

4. Recognize homophobia and speak out against gay-bashing. Discrimination against lesbians and gays is a key way in which we’re all confined in restrictive gender roles. See: Homophobia: How We All Pay the Price, by W. Blumenfeld; Homophobia: A Weapon of Sexism, by S. Pharr.

5. Don’t fund sexism. Don’t purchase any magazine, rent any video or buy any piece of music that portrays women in a sexually degrading or violent manner. Protest sexism in the media.

6. Support candidates for political office who are committed to the full social, economic and political equality of women. Actively oppose candidates who are not.

7. Support and fight for increased state and federal funding for battered women’s shelters and rape crisis centers. Volunteer where men are needed in public schools, youth outreach centers and political lobby groups.

8. Support or propose curriculum changes, at every level of the educational system, which mandate courses and programs dealing with sexism and sexual violence. Urge coaches of boys’ and men’s athletic teams to require their players to attend workshops and seminars on sexism and male violence against women.

9. Organize or join a group of men, in school, at your workplace or among friends, to work against sexism and violence.

10. Support feminists. Commit yourself to ending oppression in all its forms.